Single market & trade
Single market for goods and capital strengthened; standards continue to differ; free movement of people and services not fully guaranteed.

Economic & Monetary Union
Cooperation in the euro area is limited.

Schengen, migration & security
No single migration or asylum policy; further coordination on security dealt with bilaterally; internal border controls are more systematic.

Foreign policy & defence
Some foreign policy issues are increasingly dealt with bilaterally; defence cooperation remains as it is today.

EU budget
Refocused to finance essential functions needed for the single market.

Capacity to deliver
Decision-making may be easier to understand but capacity to act collectively is limited; issues of common concern often need to be solved bilaterally.