(1) Limitation periods pertaining to criminal proceedings and to the enforcement of penalties shall be calculated on the basis of days, months and years. One day is defined as twenty-four hours, one month is defined as thirty days and one year is calculated according to the official calendar.

(2) Limitation periods pertaining to criminal proceedings and to the enforcement of penalties shall be applied by the court of its own motion and a suspect, accused or convicted person may not waive these periods.