1. The Union shall share competence with the Member States where the Treaties confer on it a competence which does not relate to the areas referred to in Articles 3 and 6. 

2. Shared competence between the Union and the Member States applies in the following principal areas: 

a) internal market; 
b) social policy, for the aspects defined in this Treaty; 
c) economic, social and territorial cohesion; 
d) agriculture and fisheries, excluding the conservation of marine biological resources; 
e) environment; 
f) consumer protection; 
g) transport; 
h) trans-European networks;
i) energy; 
j) area of freedom, security and justice; 
k) common safety concerns in public health matters, for the aspects defined in this Treaty. 

3. In the areas of research, technological development and space, the Union shall have competence to carry out activities, in particular to define and implement programmes; however, the exercise of that competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs. 

4. In the areas of development cooperation and humanitarian aid, the Union shall have competence to carry out activities and conduct a common policy; however, the exercise of that competence shall not result in Member States being prevented from exercising theirs.