9. Each Party shall, as appropriate, engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of actions, including the development or enhancement of relevant plans, policies and/or contributions, which may include: 

     (a) The implementation of adaptation actions, undertakings and/or efforts; 

     (b) The process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans; 

     (c) The assessment of climate change impacts and vulnerability, with a view to formulating nationally determined prioritized actions, taking into account vulnerable people, places and ecosystems; 

    (d) Monitoring and evaluating and learning from adaptation plans, policies, programmes and actions; and 

    (e) Building the resilience of socioeconomic and ecological systems, including through economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources.