1. A Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party are accorded access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions, including with respect to quality, technical standards and specifications. The Parties shall apply this obligation, among other things, as set out in paragraphs 2 through 6. 

2. Each Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party have access to and use of any public telecommunications transport network or service offered within or across its borders, including private leased circuits, and to this end shall ensure, subject to paragraphs 5 and 6, that these enterprises are permitted to:

(a) purchase or lease, and attach terminal or other equipment which interfaces with the public telecommunications transport network;
(b) connect private leased or owned circuits with public telecommunications transport networks and services of that Party or with circuits leased or owned by another enterprise;
(c) use operating protocols of their choice; and
(d) perform switching, signalling, and processing functions.

3. Each Party shall ensure that enterprises of the other Party may use public telecommunications transport networks and services for the movement of information in its territory or across its borders, including for intra-corporate communications of these enterprises, and for access to information contained in data bases or otherwise stored in machine-readable form in the territory of either Party.

4. Further to Article 28.3 (General exceptions), and notwithstanding paragraph 3, a Party shall take appropriate measures to protect:

(a) the security and confidentiality of public telecommunications transport services; and
(b) the privacy of users of public telecommunications transport services,

subject to the requirement that these measures are not applied in a manner that would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade.

5. Each Party shall ensure that no condition is imposed on access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services other than as necessary to:

(a) safeguard the public service responsibilities of suppliers of public telecommunications transport networks or services, in particular their ability to make their networks or services available to the public generally;
(b) protect the technical integrity of public telecommunications transport networks or services; or
(c) ensure that service suppliers of the other Party do not supply services limited by the Party’s reservations as set out in its Schedule to Annexes I or II.

6. Provided that they satisfy the criteria in paragraph 5, conditions for access to and use of public telecommunications transport networks or services may include:

(a) restrictions on resale or shared use of these services; 
(b) a requirement to use specified technical interfaces, including interface protocols, for connection with such networks or services;
(c) requirements, where necessary, for the inter-operability of these services;
(d) type approval of terminal or other equipment that interfaces with the network and technical requirements relating to the attachment of that equipment to the networks;
(e) restrictions on connection of private leased or owned circuits with these networks or services or with circuits leased or owned by another enterprise; and
(f) notification, registration and licensing.